Throughout the early 20th century, the population of m. Maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 maculinea obscura christ, 1878. Large blue butterfly, maculinea arion factsheet page 2 eu wildlife and sustainable farming project 2009 habitat requirements the large blue is found in dry grassland, on sandy and calcareous soils. The genus maculinea is confined to the palaearctic region. Laterinstar phengaris caterpillars live in myrmica ant nests and exploit the.
Jul 03, 2012 to be more specific, the adult maculinea arion females lay their eggs only on specific plant, thyme, in the summer. Phengaris maculinea alcon butterflies deposit their eggs. Quendelameisenblauling maculinea arion zitierte literatur. As trasforma an farfala sempe ant ij nij ed le formije. Caterpillars of the large blue maculinea arion feed not on roots but on wild thyme and gentians, until, after their third moult, they encounter an ant. Confirmation of phengaris maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 in the canton of zurich more than 50 years after the last verified observation. Phengaris alcon, the alcon blue or alcon large blue, is a butterfly of the family lycaenidae and is found in europe and across the palearctic to siberia and mongolia. Pdf multilevel studies on the two phenological forms of. Pdf population dynamics and conservation of a specialized. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The challenge to improve its habitat is different from developing high quality species rich wet meadows suitable for other myrmecophilous species settele and kuhn 2009. Host ant specificity varies geographically, and knowledge of the local host ant species is important to understand the biogeography and evolution of this species. The large blue butterfly, maculinea arion, is one of many butterfly species.
Due to myxomatosis, there were widespread declines in rabbit populations. Wildscreens arkive project was launched in 2003 and grew to become the worlds biggest encyclopaedia of life on earth. This article details historical records and specimens from somerset of the extinct large blue maculinea arion subspecies eutyphron fruhstorfer, 1915. Convert and create pdf from various types of files like word doc, excel xls, powerpoint ppt. Multilevel studies on the two phenological forms of large blue maculinea arion lepidoptera. Four species occur from central europe to china andor japan, while m.
First data on the host ant usage of large blue from the. The large blue maculinea arion this butterfly was first recorded as a british species in 1795 and, even then, was considered a rare insect. The rabbits were a key player in maintaining the correct grass length for the primary host ant, m. The large blue butterfly, phengaris maculinea arion, as a. Maculinea arion wikipedia an piemonteis, lenciclopedia. Host ant specificity of large blue butterflies phengaris maculinea. In the collective inventory program, each participant takes the scientific and moral responsibility for the data heshe provides. Population dynamics and conservation of a specialized predator. Projekt bol zamerany na ochranu piatich ohrozenych druhov motylov rodu maculinea maculinea nausithous, maculinea teleius, maculinea alcon, maculinea rebeli, maculinea arion. In the meantime, please consult other species distribution map providers listed in. The main section of the research paper offers valuable information on what action could be taken in order to increase the population size of the maculinea arion. Pdf distribution and conservation status of phengaris. This is the largest and rarest of our blue butterflies, distinguished by the unmistakable row of black spots on its upper forewing.
With the help of over 7,000 of the worlds best wildlife filmmakers and photographers, conservationists and scientists, featured multimedia fact files for more than 16,000 endangered species. Indepth research uncovered the reasons behind its extinction. Code of ethics for the prospecting of species in the framework of the atlas of butterflies and burnet moths of aquitaine. Horizontal transmission is believed to be a very rare event in nonltr retrotransposons. Multiple hostant use by the predatory social parasite. Gene flow and effective population sizes of the butterfly maculinea alcon in a highly fragmented, anthropogenic landscape may 2017 biological conservation 209.
Downloadsukbms%20g1%20transect%20monitoring%20summary. The endangered large blue butterfly maculinea arion has an extraordinary reproduction biology and shows a strong. In response to the ants exploratory caresses, the caterpillar exudes a sweet substance pleasing to the ant, which then carries it back to its nest. An example of the three phrases, altogether 30 s in duration, is shown. Conservation umbrellas are charismatic species, the conservation of which also conserves the high diversity of associated plants and animals. Species reintroduction is the deliberate release of a species into the wild, from captivity or other areas where the organism is capable of survival. We used eight microsatellite markers to analyse genetic population structure of the large blue butterfly maculinea arion in sweden. At the time of writing 2012 the large blue has become successfully reestablished at several sites in devon and somerset, and its future in britain, at least in the short term seems assured. Hayes, the biology and ecology of the large blue butterfly phengaris maculinea arion.
Jun 25, 2007 nonlong terminal repeat nonltr retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that propagate themselves by reverse transcription of an rna intermediate. Hostant specificity of endangered large blue butterflies phengaris. He wrote males as rule relatively small and pale, the forewings at the most four weak spots. The british subspecies of maculinea arion eutyphron was described briefly by the german entomologist hans fruhstorfer surprisingly during the first world war in 1915. Pdf converter is a online webbased document to pdf converter software. Fen meadows on the move for the conservation of maculinea. Nonltr retrotransposons are known to evolve mainly via vertical transmission and random loss. The female only slightly darkerbordered than the male type cornwall, england, a series in the ch blachiers collection. Large blue maculinea arion marsh fritillary eurodryas aurinia northern brown argus aricia artaxerxes pearlbordered fritillary boloria euphrosyne silverstudded blue plebejus argus new priority species added brown hairstreak thecla betulae dingy skipper erynnis tages duke of burgundy.
Although within many western european countries the distribution of the species is well known, there are still many questions. Fourth instar larvae and pupae develop in myrmica hymenoptera. The large blue butterfly, maculinea arion, is one of many butterfly species that have declined in europe during the last century, both in terms of population numbers and population connectivity. Phengaris is a genus of gossamerwinged butterflies in the subfamily polyommatinae. Maculinea large blues, as global flagships for lepidopteran conservation 9, advocating research into their ecology and the maintenance of source habitats 10. The biology and ecology of the large blue butterfly phengaris. This led to decreased grazing, increased turf height and, via shading, cooling of the ant environ. Cr1 clade of nonltr retrotransposons from maculinea. The species was first defined in 1758 and first recorded in britain in 1795. Can common cuckoos discriminate between neighbours and. In 1979 the species became extinct in britain but has been successfully reintroduced with new conservation methods. This is an exam project paper and is part of the bachelor program in nature and. The large blue butterfly, phengaris maculinea arion lepidoptera, lycaenidae, is a textbook example of a charismatic endangered invertebrate, intensively studied throughout europe and protected by the eu habitat directive.
Globally threatened butterflies have prompted researchbased approaches to insect conservation. As a result, many extant populations are considered endangered and only exist because they are actively managed. Hostant specificity of endangered large blue butterflies. The biology and ecology of the large blue butterfly. Large blue butterflies, phengaris maculinea, are an important focus of endangeredspecies conservation in eurasia. Our knowledge of distribution and diversity of insect non.
The adults like to feed on sainfoin onobrychis, but also on the flowers of the larval host plant. The recent distribution of the european maculinea species article pdf available in journal of insect conservation 21. Large blue ovipositing note egg already laid on lower right of thyme flower, site h, somerset. Papillons lycaenidae maculinea arion linnaeus, 1758 bibliographie illustree maculinea arion. During recent decades, this species has become an icon of insect conservation after massive decline throughout europe and extinction in britain followed by reintroduction of a seed population from the swedish. Here, we describe the reversal of the decline of maculinea arion large blue, a charismatic specialist whose larvae parasitize myrmica ant societies. The goal of species reintroduction is to establish a healthy, genetically diverse, selfsustaining population to an area where it has been extirpated, or to augment an existing population.
Artenschutzprojekt maculinea arion schwarzgefleckter. Abadjiev, 2002 types of balkan butterflies in the collection of the natural history museum, london neue ent. The large blue butterfly, phengaris maculinea arion lepidoptera, lycaenidae, is a textbook example of a charismatic endangered invertebrate, intensively studied throughout europe and protected. A phylogenetic revision of the glaucopsyche section.
Pdf analyses were made of the habitats of the endangered myrmecophilous butterfly, maculinea arion, and its host ant, myrmica sabuleti, in five. Large blue butterflies, phengaris maculinea, are an important focus of. Previous studies carried out in poland suggested some discrepancies within this assumption, and therefore a much more intensive survey was undertaken. The exact status of some of the species is still unclear and the amount of decline in this. The major myrmicahost species for any maculineaspecies is not always the most abundant and another more abundant species may occasionally succeed in rearing maculinea elmes and thomas, 1992.
Jun 01, 2015 jedna z upoutavek na divadelni predstaveni pro deti od umelkyne vystupujici pod jmenem maculinea. The large blue phengaris arion is a species of butterfly in the family lycaenidae. Key words phengaris maculinea arion, phengaris maculinea nausithous, conservation status, armenia introduction a number of publications show the importance of conservation of butterflies and their habitat, as they are severely endangered and sensitive indicators for. Schwarzgefleckter ameisenblauling phengaris maculinea arion. An maculinea in nahilalakip ha familia nga lycaenidae. Large blue priority species factsheet butterfly conservation. Reconstructing eight decades of genetic variation in an isolated. Pdf effects of latitude, altitude and climate on the habitat and. The larvae stays on the flowers only three stages and while still very small eventually falls to the ground. Obdobie realizacie projektu bolo od januara 2010 do decembra 2012. Large blue ovipositing note egg already laid on lower right of thyme flower, site h, somerset habitats in europe the butterfly can be found in a wide variety of habitats including coastal cliffs, limestone gorges, stony plateaux, and alpine pastures. However, research triggered by the extinction of the original uk population of p. Main diagnostic morphological features of the genus myrmica worker ants are always reddish in colour some may. The protected maculinea arion is an obligate myrmecophilous butterfly lepidoptera, lycaenidae.
The ecology and conservation of maculinea arion and other. Ptes final report the collateral gains for biodiversity on. Maculinea phengaris arion in the uk might serve as an example, however this butterfly species occurs on dry chalk grassland thomas et al. Cielom projektu bolo zlepsenie stavu tychto druhov motylov a ich. Phengaris is currently defined to include the genus maculinea. Due to the loss of suitable habitat, the endemic subspecies of large blue became extinct in the british isles in 1979, the last site being on. In the lowlands, maculinea arion is threatened by grazing abandonment and loss of habitat.
Bundesstichprobenmonitoring 2016 maculinea arion in hessen. Especially in eastern europe, it may be associated with forest edges or open areas in woodlands. Phengaris maculinea arion is an endangered social parasite of myrmica ants, and for a very long time was considered as specific to myrmica sabuleti. Modrasci rodu maculinea van eecke,1915 na ceskomoravske vrchovine jan sumpich do rodu maculinea van eecke radime ctyri druhy modrasko prislusniko nasi fauny. Butterfly and ant interactions in lowland grasslands in the. Jsou to maculinea alcon fabricius, 1787, maculinea arion linne, 1758, maculinea teleius bergstasser, 1779. Gene flow and effective population sizes of the butterfly. The evolution of alternative parasitic life histories in large blue. Propulse par creez votre propre site web unique avec des modeles personnalisables. The large blue has a remarkable life cycle that involves spending most of the year within the nests of red ants, where the larvae feed on ant grubs. Conservation of maculinea arion in the uk this project has continued to expand, thanks to a 3year sponsorship funded by the uk government, english nature and ici, brokered by the butterfly conservation society. Key words phengaris maculinea arion, phengaris maculinea nausithous, conservation status, armenia introduction a number of publications show the importance of conservation of butterflies and their habitat, as they are severely endangered and sensitive indicators for habitat change van swaay et al. Lycaenidae, host ant specificity, phengaris, maculinea, myrmica, social parasitism.
Media in category phengaris arion the following 28 files are in this category, out of 28 total. Caterpillars overwinter in the ant nest, pupate there in the late spring and emerge as adult butterflies in the summer. Epas registered antimicrobial products for use against novel coronavirus sarscov2, the cause of covid19 author. The maculinea larvae produce special chemicals and sounds to lure red ants and fool them into thinking the larvae is ant. Laterinstar phengaris caterpillars live in myrmica ant nests and exploit the ant colonys resources, and they are specialized to specific hostant species. Maculinea arion occurs in the zones between c 40 and 62n. A history of the large blue maculinea arion subspecies eutyphron fruhstorfer, 1915 in somerset peter andrews abstract. Such a pattern is paralleled by observations in other species of the genus maculinea, as for instance in m. Commonly, these butterflies are called large blues, which if referring to a particular species is p. Altogether, they spend 1123 months in the ant nest, imposing a considerable fitness cost to the hostant colony for more details on maculinea biology and ecology see thomas et al. Maculinea arion flies in a single generation from midjune to august, mostly in july. Thus maculinea butterflies are regularly used for logos and on stamps anon.
The challenge to improve its habitat is different from developing high quality species rich wet meadows suitable. Gilbert department of biology, swarthmore college swarthmore, pennsylvania 19081 usa biotechnology institute, university of helsinki 00014 helsinki, finland email. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. It has long been known that phengaris maculinea arion has a complex lifecycle involving the social parasitisation of ants. Maculinea arion whose larvae parasitize the ant myrmica sabuleti. The same composition of sound files was used for neighbour and stranger experimental trials and for the control trials.
Dispersal and gene flow in the rare, parasitic large blue. A history of the large blue maculinea arion subspecies. Priority butterfly species listed in the uk biodiversity. In july 2016, a male individual of the large blue was found on an extensively grazed, southeastexposed, rather steep pasture below the schnebelhorn zh, fischenthal at 1150 m a.
Large blue maculinea arion marsh fritillary eurodryas aurinia northern brown argus aricia artaxerxes pearlbordered fritillary boloria euphrosyne silverstudded blue plebejus argus new priority species added brown hairstreak thecla betulae dingy skipper erynnis tages duke of burgundy hamearis lucina. Reconstructing eight decades of genetic variation in an. The large blue butterfly, phengaris maculinea arion, as. In 1979 the large blue butterfly maculinea arion became extinct in the uk.
1150 561 250 902 757 320 1457 565 1250 638 563 1220 1324 49 168 816 1323 461 782 692 370 767 202 397 593 961 1258 898 444 1086 97 77 351 446 835 219